Active to Passive Voice Change

Voice দুই প্ৰকাৰৰ :-

a) Active Voice ( কৰ্তৃ বাচ্য )

b) Passive Voice ( কৰ্ম বাচ্য )

a) Active Voice :- Subject (কৰ্তা) এ যেতিয়া নিজৰ স্থানত থাকি কাম কৰে তেতিয়া Active Voice হয় । যেনে-

He reads a book.

b) Passive Voice :- Object (কৰ্ম) যেতিয়া Subject ৰ ঠাইলৈ আহে আৰু নিজে কাম নকৰে, তাৰ ওপৰত কামটো কৰা হয় তেতিয়া তাৰ ক্ৰিয়াৰ Passive Voice হয় । যেনে-

A book is read by him.

    Active and Passive Voice Rules :-

a) Active Voice ৰ Object টো Passive Voice ত Subject হয় ।

b) Main Verb ৰ tense অনুসৰি আৰু Passive Voice ৰ Subject ৰ Number আৰু Person অনুসৰি be verb হয় ।

c) Passive Voice ত Main Verb ৰ সদায় Past Participle Form হয় ।

d) Main Verb ৰ পিছত 'by' preposition বহে ।কেতিয়াবা to, at, with আদিও বহে ।

e) Active Voice ৰ Subject টো Passive Voice ত Object হয় । যেনে-

They play cricket.

= Cricket is played by them.

N.B.) Active ৰ পৰা Passive কৰোতে কিছুমান Subject ৰ Object Form তলত দিয়া হৈছে--

Subject                          Object
--------------                       --------------
I                                        me
We                                   us
You                                  you
He                                    him
She                                  her
They                                them
Raju (noun)                    Raju (noun)
Sita                                  Sita

N.B.) Tense অনুসৰি Active আৰু Passive Voice ৰ
বিভিন্ন গঠন তলত আলোচনা কৰা হৈছে--

Present Indefinite Tense :-

Active Voice :- sub + main verb + obj.

Passive Voice :- obj.+ am/is/are + main verb ( past participle) + by + sub.
যেনে-

We eat an apple.

= An apple is eaten by us.

She does the works.

= The works are done by her.

Present Continuous Tense :-

Active Voice :- sub + am/is/are + m.v. + ing + obj.

Passive Voice :- obj.+ am/is/are + being + M.V.(p.p.) + by + sub.
যেনে-

I am doing the work.

= The work is being done by me.

They are playing football.

= Football is being played by them.

Present Perfect Tense :-

Active Voice :- sub + have/has +m.v.(p.p.) + obj.

Passive Voice :- obj.+ have/has + been + m.v.(p.p.) + by + sub.
যেনে-

She has finished her home work.

= Her home work has been finished by her.

Present Perfect Continuous Tense :-

Active Voice :- sub + have/has + been +m.v. + ing + obj.

Passive Voice :- obj.+ have/has + been + being + m.v.(p.p.) + by + sub.
যেনে-

We have been playing football since morning.

= Football has been being played by us since morning.

Past Indefinite Tense :-

Active Voice :- sub + m.v.(past form) + obj.

Passive Voice :- obj.+ was/were + m.v.(p.p.) + by + sub.
যেনে-

I ate rice.

= Rice was eaten by me.

They drank water.

= Water was drunk by them.

Past Continuous Tense :-

Active Voice :- sub + was/were + m.v.+ ing + obj.

Passive Voice :- obj.+ was/were + being + m.v.(p.p.) + by + sub.
যেনে-

He was blowing the horn.

= The horn was being blown by him.

Past Perfect Tense :-

Active Voice :- sub + had + m.v.(p.p.) + obj.

Passive Voice :- obj.+ had + been + m.v.(p.p.) + by + sub.
যেনে-

Ram had caught the ball.

= The ball had been caught by Ram.

Past Perfect Continuous Tense :-

Active Voice :- sub + had + been + m.v.+ ing + obj.

Passive Voice :- obj.+ had + been + being + m.v.(p.p.) + by + sub.
যেনে-

We had been learning English for 10 years.

= English had been being learned by us for
10 years.

Future Indefinite Tense :-

Active Voice :- sub + shall/will/should/
would/can/could/may/might/must/need/used to/ ought to + m.v.(present form) + obj.

Passive Voice :- obj.+ shall/will/should/
would/can/could/may/might/must/need/used to/ ought to + be + m.v.(p.p.) + by + sub.
যেনে-

I shall do the sum.

= The sum will be done by me.

We should love our country.

= Our country should be loved by us.

He must write the answer.

= The answer must be written by him.

Future Perfect Tense :-

Active Voice :- sub + shall/will + have + m.v.(p.p.) + obj.

Passive Voice :- obj.+ shall/will + have + been + m.v.(p.p.) + by + sub.
যেনে-

We shall have finished the work.

= The work will have been finished by us.

They could have played football.

= Football could have been played by them

Active and Passive Voice Formula :-

Imperative sentence ৰ passive voice:-

N.B.) Imperative Sentence এ আদেশ দিয়া বুজালে You are ordered to/ You are asked to লিখি মূল বাক্যটো লিখিলেই হয় । অনুৰোধ বুজালে You are requested to আৰু উপদেশ বুজালে You are advised to লিখি মূল বাক্যটো লিখিলেই হয় । যেনে -

Do the work.

= You are ordered to do the work.
Or
Let the work be done.

Look at the picture.

= You are asked to look at the picture.

Please give me a book

= You are requested to give me a book.

Read your lesson regularly.

= You are advised to read your lesson regularly.

Help the needy.

= You are advised to help the needy.

N.B.) Imperative Sentence টো Negative ত You are ordered not to/ you are requested not to/ you are advised not to লিখি Passive কৰা হয় ।

Don't tell a lie.

= You are advised not to tell a lie.

Please don't beat me.

= You are requested not to beat me.

Don't make a noise.

= You are ordered not to make a noise.

N.B.) Who থকা বাক্য Passive কৰোতে Who ৰ
ঠাইত By whom , tense অনুসৰি be verb/ auxiliary verb ৰ যিকোনো এটা হয় , তাৰ পিছত
Subject, শেষত Main verb ৰ past participle
আৰু question mark হয় । প্ৰয়োজন সাপেক্ষে Sub.আৰু Main verb ৰ মাজত been/ being হয়। যযে -

Who built the Tajmahal?

= By whom was the Tajmahal built?

Who has written the letter?

= By whom has the letter been written?

Who was playing football?

= By whom was football being played?

আন কিছুমান question word থকা বাক্য ---

What do you want?

= What is wanted by you?

When will the boy do the work?

= When will the work be done by the boy?

Where do you live?

= Where are lived by you?

How has he done it?

= How has it been done by him?

Passive Voice with Double Object :-

N.B.) কিছুমান Verb ৰ দুটাকৈ Object থাকে, Passive কৰোতে তাৰে যিকোনো এটাক Subject হিচাপে লৈ আনটো Object হিচাপে ৰাখি Passive কৰিব লাগে । যেনে -- 

Mr. Sharma teaches us English.

= We are taught English by Mr. Sharma.
                             Or
English is taught to us by Mr. Sharma.

The doctor ordered the patient a new diet.

= The patient was ordered a new diet by the doctor.    Or
A new diet was ordered to the patient by the doctor.

He has given me a book.

= I have been given a book by him.
                   Or
A book has been given to me by him.

N.B.) কিছুমান Passive Voice ত doer of the action উহ্য থাকে । তেতিয়া সিহঁতক Active Voice লৈ পৰিবৰ্তন কৰোতে এটা উপযুক্ত Sub.
ধৰি লব লাগে । যেনে-

Stars are seen at night.

= We see stars at night.

The rose is called the queen of flowers.

= People call the rose the queen of flowers.

My umbrella has been lost.

= I have lost my umbrella.

The purse was stolen.

= Somebody stole the purse.

He was called Mahatma.

= We called him Mahatma.

They say that he is a saint.

=He is said to be a saint.
Or
= It is said that he is a saint.

Patients are examined here.

= The doctor examines patients here.

Promises should be kept.

= One should keep one's promises.

He was taken to the hospital.

= Somebody took him to the hospital.